Nowadays, more and more companies are turning to solutions based on the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT refers to the interconnection of computing devices embedded in everyday objects, enabling them to send and receive data. Its adoption in business and industrial environments has grown thanks to its ability to boost productivity and increase profitability by streamlining and improving process quality.
However, as with every new technology designed to optimize and facilitate large-scale operations, new cyber threats inevitably arise. It’s increasingly critical for organizations to have robust cyber risk management, as they now handle more sensitive data and interact with critical systems.
IoT security specifically focuses on protecting connected devices and networks from unauthorized access and cyber threats. To fully harness its potential, it’s essential to implement appropriate measures that ensure security in IoT environments. But what are these measures, and what are the associated risks?
What Is IoT Security and Why Is It Important?
Did you know that by 2025, the estimated number of devices connected to the global computer network is around 75 billion? (1) It’s no surprise, then, that beyond its many benefits, IoT also presents significant challenges in terms of information security.
IoT security encompasses a range of strategies aimed at protecting network-connected devices. These solutions include hardware security, data encryption, access control, and network security protocols tailored to IoT environments, all without compromising data integrity or confidentiality.
IoT doesn’t just include computers or smartphones; nearly any object with an on/off switch can be connected to the Internet and become part of the Internet of Things. As a result, the possibilities for cybercriminals are virtually endless. There are no second thoughts: having a cybersecurity risk assessment is no longer optional.
The consequences of IoT security breaches can be severe because they affect virtual and physical systems. For example, in the case of an Internet-connected smart car, it could be hacked to disable safety features, endangering both the vehicle and its passengers.
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What Are the Main IoT Risks and How Can They Be Prevented?
The rise of IoT brings with it a variety of new and evolving risks that span a wide range. From privacy breaches to device hijacking and denial-of-service attacks, what are the key threats and their main characteristics? (2)
1. Weak Authentication Systems
Using default or weak passwords on IoT devices presents an easy opportunity for unauthorized access and remains one of the most common attack methods. Strong authentication measures are strongly recommended. Organizations should implement multi-factor authentication wherever possible.
2. Unencrypted Data Transmission
Many IoT devices transmit sensitive data without encryption, making it easy to intercept and interpret. This problem is exacerbated when devices communicate over public or remote networks, where an intermediary can easily inspect traffic.
Organizations must enforce data transmission encryption across all devices. Regular updates of encryption keys and certificates help maintain high security standards, while end-to-end encryption ensures all communications remain protected against future breaches.
3. Outdated Firmware and Software
IoT devices often run outdated firmware with known vulnerabilities. Even when companies attempt to update firmware, the issue persists. Many have large IoT deployments with various firmware versions, making the update process slow and complex.
Organizations should automate firmware management, track version updates, and establish clearly defined maintenance intervals.
4. Insecure Network Services
Open ports and unnecessary network services on IoT devices create potential entry points for attackers. These services often run with excessive privileges and default settings. Managing and monitoring network service security is essential. All non-essential services should be disabled, and networks should be segmented to isolate IoT devices. Additional protection can be added via firewalls.
5. Insecure Data Storage
Sensitive data is often stored directly on IoT devices without proper authentication or authorization controls. These data sets must be protected using multiple security layers. For example, full disk encryption and secure key storage systems can prevent attackers from obtaining encryption keys or other sensitive credentials.
Organizations should establish clear data retention policies defining how long data is stored and specifying secure disposal procedures.
6. Poor Device Management
Many organizations do not manage IoT systems with the same rigor as traditional IT devices. Full inventories are often lacking, making security management difficult due to a lack of visibility into connected devices and their security configurations.
All IoT devices should be managed through an asset management system that tracks them throughout their lifecycle. Unauthorized devices can be detected through regular network scans. Remote management systems must feature strong encryption and access controls.
7. Inadequate Incident Response Planning
Many organizations lack a formal incident response plan tailored to the unique challenges of IoT environments. Incident response requires a comprehensive plan that is regularly tested.
Teams should be trained on potential security breaches, and incident simulations should be conducted to assess response capabilities. Documentation must include current device configurations and recovery procedures. Communication plans should be in place to notify all relevant stakeholders during incidents.
IoT: A World of Opportunities and Challenges
The IoT revolution brings immense opportunities, along with serious security challenges. As organizations increasingly deploy connected devices within their operations, the need for continuous oversight and proactive management of IoT security is more urgent than ever.
Remember: the goal of IoT security is to protect corporate information. If this objective is met, IoT becomes a powerful ally, a true differentiator in productivity and positioning within the global business landscape.
Robust security measures are essential to address the growing volume of attacks. From initial device configuration to integrated monitoring systems, these security principles and the right tools can help organizations fully embrace IoT technology while minimizing security risks.
(1) Internet of Things (IoT) connected devices installed base worldwide from 2015 to 2025. Statista.
(2) Los 10 principales riesgos de seguridad del IoT y cómo mitigarlos
